The LER code (European List of Waste) is the European Union's official system for classifying waste. It assigns each type of waste a six-digit code that identifies its origin, its nature and, through an asterisk, its hazardousness. Classifying a waste correctly is the first step to managing it legally and avoiding penalties.
The list comes from Decision 2014/955/EU (which amends Decision 2000/532/EC) and has applied across the EU since 1 June 2015. In Spain its use is mandatory within the framework of the Law 7/2022 on waste and contaminated soils, and incorrect classification can lead to penalties that, in the most serious cases, reach 3.5 million euros.
Why is it important to identify waste correctly?
Assigning the correct LER code is not a mere administrative formality: it determines all the subsequent management of the waste. Proper classification makes it possible to comply with the rules and pass audits without incidents, defines the correct treatment and, by avoiding unnecessary or wrong treatments, helps control management costs.
By contrast, incorrect classification can invalidate an entire transfer, create an environmental risk and expose the company to penalties. That is why identifying the waste is the basis of any efficient waste management strategy.
How is the LER code structured?
The LER code is organised into three blocks of two digits, within a list divided into 20 chapters:
- First two digits (chapter): indicate the activity or sector that generates the waste (for example, construction, agriculture, healthcare or chemical processes).
- Third and fourth digits (sub-chapter): specify the particular process the waste comes from.
- Fifth and sixth digits: identify the specific material or substance.
So concrete waste from a building site (17 01 01) is classified with a different code from office paper and cardboard (20 01 01) or from solvents from an industrial process.
The asterisk: hazardous waste
When a code carries an asterisk (*), the waste is considered hazardous waste under Directive 2008/98/EC and requires stricter management: reinforced traceability, specific authorised operators and, for its transfers, processing in e-SIR. Some waste appears as "mirror entries", with a hazardous version (with an asterisk) and a non-hazardous one, and it is the actual composition that determines which applies.
What are the penalties for incorrect classification?
The Law 7/2022 sets three levels of penalty according to the seriousness of the breach. These are the real ranges the law sets out:
| Category | Examples | Amount |
|---|---|---|
| Minor | Missing documentation, delays in submission | Up to €2,000 |
| Serious | Falsification in classification, improper storage | From €2,001 to €100,000 |
| Very serious | Illegal dumping, uncontrolled management of hazardous waste | From €100,001 to €3,500,000 (from €600,001 if it involves hazardous waste or contaminated soils) |
Beyond the amount, wrongly classifying a hazardous waste as non-hazardous can turn a minor offence into a serious or very serious one.
What resources and tools support companies?
Companies have several supports for classifying correctly. The e-SIR platform centralises the processing of waste transfers and reinforces traceability. MITECO publishes a technical guide for classifying waste, and many autonomous communities issue sector guides with the most common codes by activity. In complex cases, environmental consultancies and accredited laboratories help determine the composition and the correct code.
LER code: a tool for legal certainty
The LER code is a system that provides legal certainty, cost control and environmental protection. In a market where sustainability is a competitiveness criterion, mastering waste classification is an advantage with customers, investors and regulators. Correct identification is also the gateway to the circular economy: only what is identified correctly can be recovered.
Frequently asked questions about the LER code
Does the LER code change depending on the autonomous community?
No. The list is European and applies identically across Spain; what can vary are the regional support guides.
Do all waste types have an assigned code?
Yes, although it is sometimes necessary to analyse the waste's composition to choose the right code, especially for "mirror entries".
Who is responsible for assigning the code?
The waste producer is legally responsible for its correct identification, although it can rely on authorised operators or consultancies.
To classify, record and trace your waste centrally, you can rely on a waste management tool.
